Voice Change (Active to Passive Voice - সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা গাইড)
Active থেকে Passive Voice রূপান্তরের সকল নিয়ম, Tense অনুযায়ী নিয়ম, জটিল ও ব্যতিক্রমী নিয়ম (Quasi-passive, Double Objects, Prepositions other than by) বাংলায় বিস্তারিত।
Voice Change (Active to Passive Voice - রূপান্তরের সকল নিয়ম)
Voice হলো Verb-এর সেই রূপ যা নির্দেশ করে Subject নিজেই কাজটি করছে (Active Voice) নাকি অন্যের দ্বারা কাজটির ফল ভোগ করছে (Passive Voice)।
১. Voice পরিবর্তনের মূল ৫টি ধাপ (5 Universal Steps)
Active Sentence থেকে Passive Sentence করার মৌলিক ৫টি নিয়ম:
- Active Voice-এর Object-টি Passive Voice-এর Subject হয়।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb (Be verb) বসে।
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle (V3) রূপ বসে।
- Preposition হিসেবে সাধারণত by (অথবা with, to, at, in) বসে।
- Active Voice-এর Subject-টি Passive Voice-এর Object হয়।
মৌলিক সূত্র:
Active: Subject + Verb + Object
Passive: Object (as Subject) + Auxiliary Verb + V3 + by + Subject (as Object)
২. Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb-এর তালিকা
| Tense | Active Verb Form | Passive Auxiliary Verb + V3 |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | play / plays | am / is / are + V3 |
| Present Continuous | am / is / are playing | am / is / are + being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | have / has played | have / has + been + V3 |
| Past Simple | played | was / were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | was / were playing | was / were + being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | had played | had + been + V3 |
| Future Simple | will / shall play | will be / shall be + V3 |
| Future Perfect | will have played | will have been + V3 |
| Modals (can, must, should) | modal + play | modal + be + V3 |
৩. Sentence-এর প্রকার অনুযায়ী Voice Change
১. Assertive Sentence
- Active: He teaches us English.
- Passive: We are taught English by him. / English is taught to us by him.
২. Interrogative Sentence
- Auxiliary Verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে: Passive-এও Auxiliary Verb সামনে থাকবে।
- Active: Do you play cricket?
- Passive: Is cricket played by you?
- Who দিয়ে শুরু হলে: Passive-এ By whom দিয়ে শুরু হয়।
- Active: Who wrote Hamlet?
- Passive: By whom was Hamlet written?
- What / Whom দিয়ে শুরু হলে:
- Active: Whom did you see?
- Passive: Who was seen by you?
৩. Imperative Sentence (আদেশ/উপদেশ/অনুরোধ)
- মূল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে: Let + Object + be + V3
- Active: Do the work.
- Passive: Let the work be done.
- Do not দিয়ে শুরু হলে: Let not + Object + be + V3
- Active: Do not close the door.
- Passive: Let not the door be closed.
- Let + Person দিয়ে শুরু হলে:
- Active: Let me do the work.
- Passive: Let the work be done by me.
৪. ব্যতিক্রম ও জটিল Voice Change-এর নিয়ম (Complex Rules)
Rule 1: Preposition 'by'-এর পরিবর্তে অন্যান্য Preposition
কিছু Verb-এর পর 'by' না বসে with, to, at, in ইত্যাদি নির্ধারিত Preposition বসে:
- know → to (He is known to me)
- satisfy, please, fill, cover → with (The news pleased us → We were pleased with the news)
- surprise, shock, annoy, marvel → at (His behavior shocked me → I was shocked at his behavior)
- contain, embody → in (The jar contains milk → Milk is contained in the jar)
Rule 2: Quasi-Passive Verbs (আধা-প্যাসিভ ভার্ব)
যেসব Verb গঠনে Active কিন্তু অর্থে Passive প্রকাশ করে (যেমন: Honey tastes sweet, Rice sells cheap)।
প্যাসিভ করার ২টি উপায়:
- Subject + Be Verb + Adjective + when it is / they are + V3
- Subject + Be Verb + V3 + Adjective
উদাহরণ:
- Active: Honey tastes sweet.
- Passive 1: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
- Passive 2: Honey is tasted sweet.
- Active: The house is building.
- Passive: The house is being built.
Rule 3: Complex & Compound Sentences-এর Voice Change
Complex বা Compound বাক্যে সাধারণত দুটি Clause-এরই Voice পরিবর্তিত হয়।
উদাহরণ:
- Active: I know that he solved the sum.
- Passive: It is known to me that the sum was solved by him.
💡 পরীক্ষা সংক্রান্ত সাধারণ ভুলসমূহ (Common Mistakes)
❌ ভুল: I am known by him.
✅ সঠিক: I am known to him. (know-এর পর to বসে)
❌ ভুল: Let the door closed.
✅ সঠিক: Let the door be closed. (Imperative-এ be + V3 আবশ্যক)
✍️ Quick Self-Assessment Quiz
1. Change the voice: Who has broken the glass?
A) Who was broken the glass?
B) By whom has the glass been broken?
C) By whom the glass has broken?
D) Whom has broken the glass?
উত্তর: B
2. Change the voice: His news satisfied everyone.
A) Everyone was satisfied by his news.
B) Everyone was satisfied with his news.
C) Everyone is satisfied at his news.
D) Everyone was satisfied to his news.
উত্তর: B (satisfied-এর পর with বসে)
Interactive Self-Assessment Quiz
Test your knowledge with immediate feedback & detailed answers.