Right Form of Verbs (রাইট ফর্ম অব ভার্বস)

Right Form of Verbs (রাইট FORM অব ভার্বস)

Right Form of Verbs হলো বাক্যের নিয়ম (Subject, Tense, Passive, Context) অনুযায়ী Verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসানোর প্রক্রিয়া। SSC, HSC, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি পরীক্ষা (DU, RU, CU, GST) এবং BCS/Job পরীক্ষায় এই বিষয় থেকে প্রচুর প্রশ্ন এসে থাকে।

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১. সময় নির্দেশক শব্দ (Time Indicators) ও Tense-এর নিয়ম

Rule 1: Present Simple Tense

Sentence-এ যদি always, regularly, sometimes, often, daily, everyday, usually, normally, naturally, generally ইত্যাদি থাকে, তবে Verb-টি Present Simple Tense হয়।

• Subject 3rd Person Singular Number (He, She, It, যেকোনো একক নাম) হলে Verb-এর শেষে s / es যুক্ত হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• He goes (go) to college daily.
• The sun rises (rise) in the east.

Rule 2: Present Continuous Tense

Sentence-এ now, at present, at this moment, day by day, increasingly থাকলে Verb-টি Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are + Verb + ing) হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• He is reading (read) a book now.
• They are playing (play) football at this moment.

Rule 3: Present Perfect Tense

Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet, never থাকলে Verb-টি Present Perfect Tense (have/has + Verb-এর Past Participle V3) হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• I have already finished (finish) my homework.
• He has just arrived (arrive) home.

Rule 4: Past Simple Tense

Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, once, once upon a time, last (last night / last year / last week), in the past, in 1971 থাকলে Verb-টি Past Simple (V2) হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• He left (leave) home yesterday.
• Bangladesh became (become) independent in 1971.

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২. বিশেষ শাব্দিক সংযোগ (Special Connectives)

Rule 5: Since-এর চমৎকার ৩টি নিয়ম

1. Present Tense + Since + Past Indefinite:

   • It is (be) five years since I met (meet) you.
   • Many years have passed (pass) since he left (leave) the village.

2. Past Indefinite + Since + Past Perfect:

   • It was (be) long since I had seen (see) her last.

Rule 6: Before ও After-এর চমৎকার পাস্ট পারফেক্ট নিয়ম

• Before-এর আগে Past Perfect (had + V3): Past Perfect + before + Past Simple.

  • The patient had died (die) before the doctor came (come).

• After-এর পরে Past Perfect (had + V3): Past Simple + after + Past Perfect.

  • The doctor came after the patient had died (die).

Rule 7: No sooner had / Scarcely had / Hardly had

• No sooner had + Subject + V3 + than + Subject + V2.
• Scarcely had / Hardly had + Subject + V3 + when/before + Subject + V2.

উদাহরণ:

• No sooner had the teacher entered (enter) the classroom than the students stood (stand) up.
• Hardly had we reached (reach) the station when the train left (leave).

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৩. বিশেষ Preposition ও Verb Form-এর নিয়ম

Rule 8: Preposition + Verb + ing

সাধারণত যেকোনো Preposition (in, on, at, of, for, by, with, without, about, into) এর পর Verb বসলে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।

উদাহরণ:

• He is fond of playing (play) cricket.
• She passed the exam by working (work) hard.

Rule 9: To + V1 vs. Special Phrases + V-ing

সাধারণ to-এর পর Verb-এর Base Form (V1) বসে (Infinitive)।

• He wants to go home.

কিন্তু ব্যতিক্রম! নিচের শব্দগুচ্ছের (Phrases) পর to থাকা সত্ত্বেও Verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়:

• look forward to, with a view to, be used to, get used to, accustomed to, confessed to, mind, worth, would you mind, cannot help, could not help

উদাহরণ:

• I am looking forward to hearing (hear) from you.
• He went to the library with a view to reading (read) books.
• Would you mind opening (open) the door?

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৪. মোডাল ভার্ব ও প্যাসিভ ফর্ম (Modals & Passive Forms)

Rule 10: Modal Auxiliaries

can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need, dare, used to-এর পর সর্বদা Verb-এর Base Form (V1) বসে।

• He can solve (solve) the problem.
• You should respect (respect) your parents.

প্যাসিভ রূপ হলে: Modal + be + V3

• The work must be done (do) immediately.
• English can be learned (learn) easily with practice.

Rule 11: Passive Voice-এ Verb-এর পরিবর্তন

বাক্যের Subject যদি কাজটি নিজে না করে অন্যের দ্বারা সম্পাদিত হয় (Passive Voice), তবে Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb + V3 বসে।

উদাহরণ:

• Active: Rahim wrote a book.
• Passive: A book was written (write) by Rahim.
• Rice is eaten (eat) all over Bangladesh.

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৫. কাল্পনিক অতীত ও সাবজাংটিভ (Unreal Past & Subjunctive)

Rule 12: Fancy, Wish, It is high time

1. It is time / It is high time-এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-টি Past Indefinite (V2) হয়।

   • It is high time we changed (change) our bad habits. (নোট: Subject না থাকলে to + V1 হয়। যেমন: It is high time to change our bad habits.)

2. Wish / Fancy প্রকাশ করলে Be verb হিসেবে were বসে।

   • I wish I were (be) a bird!
   • I fancy I turned (turn) pale.

Rule 13: As if / As though (যেন)

• Present Indefinite + as if/as though + Past Indefinite (be verb হলে were)

  • He speaks as if he knew (know) everything.
  • He talks as though he were (be) a leader.

• Past Indefinite + as if/as though + Past Perfect (had + V3)

  • He spoke as if he had known (know) everything before.

Rule 14: Lest-এর নিয়ম

Lest (পাছে ভয় হয় যে / নতুবা) থাকলে পরবর্তী Subject-এর পর should অথবা might + V1 বসে।

উদাহরণ:

• Walk fast lest you should miss (miss) the train.
• Read attentively lest you should fail (fail) in the examination.

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৬. Causative Verbs (প্রযোজক ক্রিয়া)

Rule 15: Make, Have, Get, Let, Help

Causative verb যখন কাউকে দিয়ে কাজ করিয়ে নেওয়ার অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়:

1. Make / Let / Have (Active): Subject + make/have/let + Person + V1 (Bare Infinitive)

   • The teacher made the student recite (recite) the poem.

2. Get (Active): Subject + get + Person + to + V1

   • I got him to repair (repair) my car.

3. Have / Get (Passive object): Subject + have/get + Thing (Object) + V3

   • I had my car repaired (repair).

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💡 পরীক্ষা সংক্রান্ত কমন ভুলসমূহ (Common Mistakes)

❌ ভুল: He was died last night.
✅ সঠিক: He died last night. (die একটি intransitive verb, তাই প্যাসিভ হয় না)

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❌ ভুল: I look forward to meet you.
✅ সঠিক: I look forward to meeting you. (look forward to + V-ing)

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❌ ভুল: Walk carefully lest you will fall down.
✅ সঠিক: Walk carefully lest you should fall down. (Lest + subject + should/might + V1)

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❌ ভুল: It is high time we study hard.
✅ সঠিক: It is high time we studied hard. (It is high time + subject + V2)

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✍️ Quick Self-Assessment Quiz

1. Fill in the blank: Walk fast lest you ___ the bus.

A) will miss
B) missed
C) should miss
D) miss
উত্তর: C (Lest-এর পর Subject + should + V1 বসে)

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2. Choose the correct sentence:

A) It is time we change our habits.
B) It is time we changed our habits.
C) It is time we have changed our habits.
D) It is time we will change our habits.
উত্তর: B (It is time + subject + V2)

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3. Complete the sentence: He went to market with a view to ___ a phone.

A) buy
B) bought
C) buying
D) buys
উত্তর: C (with a view to + V-ing)

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4. Correct verb form: The patient died after the doctor ___.

A) came
B) had come
C) comes
D) has come
উত্তর: B (After-এর পরের অংশে Past Perfect অর্থাৎ had + V3 বসে)

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📌 সারসংক্ষেপ (Summary Cheat-Sheet)

• Always, regularly, daily → Present Simple (s/es)
• Now, at present → Present Continuous (am/is/are + ing)
• Just, already, recently → Present Perfect (have/has + V3)
• Yesterday, ago, last year → Past Simple (V2)
• Since (Present + Since + Past Indefinite)
• Look forward to / With a view to / Mind / Worth → Verb + ing
• Lest → Subject + should/might + V1
• It is high time + Subject → V2
• As if / As though → Past Indefinite (were) / Past Perfect