Completing Sentences (অসম্পূর্ণ বাক্য সম্পূর্ণকরণ)
HSC ও বিশ্ববিদ্যালয ভর্তি পরীক্ষার অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ টপিক Completing Sentences-এর সকল নিয়ম, শর্টকাট কৌশল ও বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা।
Completing Sentences (অসম্পূর্ণ বাক্য সম্পূর্ণকরণ)
Completing Sentences হলো পরীক্ষার একটি অন্যতম প্রধান ইংরেজি গ্রামার অংশ। এখানে একটি বাক্যের অংশ (Clause/Phrase) দেওয়া থাকে এবং প্রাসঙ্গিক নিয়ম মেনে অর্থপূর্ণভাবে বাকি অংশটি পূরণ করতে হয়।
১. গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সকল নিয়মের বিস্তারিত বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
Rule 1: Too ... to (এতই ... যে করতে পারে না)
- গঠন: Subject + Verb + too + Adjective/Adverb + to + Verb-এর Base Form (V1)
- অর্থ: কোনো কিছু এত বেশি যে কোনো কাজ সম্পন্ন করা অসম্ভব বোঝায়।
উদাহরণ:
- The man is too weak to walk (হাঁটতে পারে না).
- The problem was too hard to solve (সমাধান করা সম্ভব ছিল না).
Rule 2: So ... that (এতই ... যে ...)
- গঠন (Present): Subject + Verb + so + Adjective + that + Subject + cannot + V1
- গঠন (Past): Subject + Verb + so + Adjective + that + Subject + couldnot + V1
উদাহরণ:
- He is so weak that he cannot run fast.
- The exam was so difficult that we could not answer all questions.
Rule 3: So that / In order that (যাতে / যেন)
উদ্দেশ্য প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Present Tense হলে: Clause + so that + Subject + can / may + V1
- Past Tense হলে: Clause + so that + Subject + could / might + V1
উদাহরণ:
- We eat so that we can live.
- He studied hard so that he could get a GPA 5.
Rule 4: Provided that / Provided / Providing that / In case (যদি / যদি এমন ঘটে)
এগুলো if-এর মতো অর্থ নির্দেশ করে।
- গঠন: Main clause + provided that + Present Indefinite Clause
উদাহরণ:
- The train will start on time provided that the weather is good.
- I will buy a bottle of water in case I feel thirsty.
Rule 5: Lest (নতুবা / পাছে ভয় হয় যে)
কোনো অনিচ্ছাকৃত নেতিবাচক ঘটনা এড়ানোর সংকল্প বোঝায়।
- গঠন: Clause + lest + Subject + should / might + Verb-এর Base Form (V1)
উদাহরণ:
- Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination.
- Run fast lest you should miss the train.
Rule 6: It is time / It is high time (উপযুক্ত সময়)
কোনো কাজ করার সঠিক বা ইতোমধ্যে বিলম্বিত সময় বোঝায়।
- গঠন (Subject সহ): It is high time + Subject + V2 (Past Indefinite)
- গঠন (Subject ছাড়া): It is high time + to + V1
উদাহরণ:
- It is high time we stopped corruption.
- It is high time to build up our career.
Rule 7: As if / As though (এমনভাবে ... যেন)
অবাস্তব কল্পনা বা তুলনা বোঝায়।
- Present Indefinite + as if/as though + Past Indefinite (Be verb হলে were)
- Past Indefinite + as if/as though + Past Perfect (had + V3)
উদাহরণ:
- He talks as if he knew everything.
- She speaks as though she were a queen.
- He rendered the song as if he had practiced it before.
Rule 8: Would rather ... than (বরং ... তাও)
দুটি বিকল্পের মধ্যে একটিকে বেশি পছন্দ করা বোঝায়।
- গঠন: Subject + would rather + V1 + than + V1
উদাহরণ:
- I would rather die than beg.
- She would rather stay at home than go outside in the rain.
Rule 9: No sooner had ... than / Scarcely had ... when
একটি ঘটনা ঘটার সাথে সাথেই অন্য একটি ঘটনা ঘটা বোঝায়।
- No sooner had + Subject + V3 + than + Subject + V2
- Scarcely had / Hardly had + Subject + V3 + when / before + Subject + V2
উদাহরণ:
- No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
- Scarcely had the teacher entered the classroom when the students stood up.
Rule 10: Conditional Sentences (শর্তযুক্ত বাক্য)
- First Conditional (if + Present + Future):
- If you work hard, you will succeed in life.
- Second Conditional (if + Past Indefinite + Subject + would/could/might + V1):
- If I were a rich man, I would help the poor.
- Third Conditional (if + Past Perfect + Subject + would have/could have + V3):
- If he had invited me, I would have attended the party.
- Had I known your number, I would have called you.
💡 HSC বোর্ড পরীক্ষায় বারবার আসা কিছু উদাহরণ
- Industry is the key to success. If you do not work hard, ___.
→ you will not succeed in life. - There is a proverb that time and tide wait for none. So, we should not waste our time as ___.
→ lost time can never be regained. - 1971 is the year when ___.
→ Bangladesh achieved her independence. - Five years have passed since ___.
→ I met him last.
✍️ Practice Quiz with Answers
1. Complete the sentence: He ran fast lest ___.
A) he will miss the train
B) he should miss the train
C) he missed the train
D) he can miss the train
উত্তর: B (Lest-এর পর Subject + should + V1)
2. Complete the sentence: It is high time we ___ our country.
A) love
B) loved
C) will love
D) have loved
উত্তর: B (It is high time + Subject + V2)
3. Complete the sentence: Had I been a king, I ___.
A) will help the poor
B) would help the poor
C) would have helped the poor
D) helped the poor
উত্তর: C (Had + Subject + V3 থাকলে Third conditional অনুযায়ী would have + V3 বসে)